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The purpose of this paper is to describe the required functionalities on providing internet connectivity and mobility management for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), present discovered problems such as inconsistent contexts, and provide the corresponding solutions. It also provides a hybrid metric for the load‐balance of intra/inter‐MANET traffic over multiple internet gateways (IGWs).

The paper uses both mathematical analyses and simulations to discover the required functionalities and problems on providing internet connectivity and mobility management for MANETs. The proposed hybrid metric for IGW selection is a replacement of the shortest hop‐count (HC) metric, and consider three factors: HC distance, intra‐MANET traffic, and inter‐MANET traffic.

Simulation results show that ad hoc routing protocols, using the proposed metric, get better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and transmission delay, at the cost of slightly increased signalling overhead.

In the assessment, simulation results are taken from two mobility scenarios, and the hybrid metric is integrated into only reactive ad hoc routing. Thus, more case studies need to be carried out to demonstrate the outcomes of the proposed metric compared with others.

This paper provides the needed functionalities for broadening the richness of MANET applications to internet users, and vice verse.

This paper contributes to the research on internetworking and mobility management between MANETs and the internet.

The field of industrial hygiene is very broad because it includes all kinds of occupational hazards in all industries. There are a lot of new things emerging every year due to changing technology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for industrial hygiene practitioners to be able to anticipate the trends in industrial hygiene and keep up with new changes. Five trends that might be an indication of the future of industrial hygiene are considered. Moreover, some interesting examples about new developments in industrial hygiene are raised. One thing that could be inferred from these trends and examples is that information and high technology are increasingly being integrated into many industrial hygiene products, making them automated. As a result, many governmental regulations have to be revised in order to better reflect the current technology.